Against most of them you can play the same way.
1. Play in some order 1...d5 2...e6 and 3...Nf6 (1...Nf6 2...e6 and 3...d5 is usually OK or 1...e6 and 2...d5).
2. Develop your King's Bishop and castle. Other Knight goes to d7, not c6 -- you might want to move your c-pawn to c5, so you can open a file for your Rooks.
3. Now you develop your Queen's Bishop. You can play just 7...b6.
But against the Queen's Gambit, with a pawn on c4, you can try 7...a6, with the idea, 8...dxc4 9...b5 and then ...c5 and ...Bb7.
Here's a nice Swiss Defence game, which helped Alekhin win the World Championship against Capablanca. Click on the pawn on f7 to hide comments; click on the pawn on e7 to see it from Black's point of view.
[Event "Capablanca - Alekhine World Championship Match"]
[Site "Buenos Aires ARG"]
[Date "1927.10.26"]
[EventDate "?"]
[Round "21"]
[Result "0-1"]
[White "Jose Raul Capablanca"]
[Black "Alexander Alekhine"]
[ECO "D63"]
[WhiteElo "?"]
[BlackElo "?"]
[PlyCount "64"]
1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Nbd7 5. e3 Be7 6. Nf3 O-O
7. Rc1 a6 8. a3
{Quite a weedy reply.}
8...h6 9. Bh4 dxc4 10. Bxc4 b5 11. Be2 Bb7?!
(11...c5!)
12. O-O
(12.b4!)
12,,,c5! 13. dxc5 Nxc5 14. Nd4 Rc8 15. b4 Ncd7!
{Heading for c4}
16. Bg3
(16.Na5! {Capablanca, although Kasparov credits Kotov})
16...Nb6 17. Qb3
Nfd5 18. Bf3 Rc4! 19. Ne4 Qc8 20. Rxc4?!
{This swap is generally considered an error by White, but Capa in his notes ignores it.}
20...Nxc4
21. Rc1 Qa8! 22. Nc3
Rc8 23. Nxd5 Bxd5 24. Bxd5 Qxd5 25. a4 Bf6 26. Nf3 Bb2!
{Planning ...e5-e4, but not wanting to block the bishop}
27. Re1
Rd8 28. axb5 axb5 29. h3 e5 30. Rb1 e4 31. Nd4? Bxd4 32. Rd1
Nxe3 0-1
4. I DON'T especially recommend playing like this against the Stonewall Attack -- White's attack is too dangerous.
[Event "fine"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "1943.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "stonewall"]
[Black "attack"]
[Result "*"]
[ECO "D00"]
[PlyCount "19"]
[EventDate "1943.??.??"]
1. d4 d5 2. e3 Nf6 3. Bd3 (3. f4 {is sometimes played to avoid the 3...Nc6 line
} Bf5) 3... c5 (3... Nc6 4. f4 (4. c3 e5) 4... Nb4 5. Nf3 Nxd3+ 6. cxd3 g6 7.
Nc3 Bg7 8. O-O O-O) 4. c3 Nc6 5. f4 {[#]} e6 {blocks the Bc8} (5... Bg4 6. Nf3
e6 7. Nbd2 Bd6 8. h3 Bh5 9. b3 cxd4 10. cxd4 Rc8 {[#] Black is comfortable}) 6.
Nf3 Bd6 7. O-O O-O 8. Ne5 Qc7 {Ne5 needs some response; Black could also try
to occupy e4} 9. Nd2 Re8 10. g4 {[#]with a crushing attack} *
5. But if White doesn't play 2.c4, you don't have to play 2...e6. Leave your Bishop free to come out to f5.
6. In fact, if White won't play c4, you can play ...c5 yourself.
7. And against the Stonewall, you have a fine idea in 3...Nc6, threatening both 4...e5 and 4...Nb4
8.If you play this defence, you should play over these lines and try and learn the ideas:
[Event "Defending against 1.d4"]
[Site "Variations to practice"]
[Date "2020.10.26"]
[Round "*"]
[White "Queen's Gambit"]
[Black "Swiss Defence"]
[Result "*"]
[ECO "D63"]
[Annotator "Regis,Dave"]
[PlyCount "51"]
1. d4 d5 2. c4 (2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Bf4 (3. e3 Bf5) 3... c5) (2. e3 Nf6 3. Bd3 Nc6 4.
f4 (4. c3 e5) 4... Nb4 5. Be2 Bf5 6. Na3 c5) 2... e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Nbd7 (
4... Be7) 5. e3 (5. cxd5 exd5 6. Nxd5 Nxd5 7. Bxd8 Bb4+ 8. Qd2 Bxd2+ 9. Kxd2
Kxd8) 5... Be7 6. Nf3 O-O 7. Rc1 (7. Bd3 dxc4 8. Bxc4) (7. cxd5 exd5 8. Bd3 c6
9. Qc2 a6 10. O-O Re8 11. Rab1 Ne4 12. Bxe7 Qxe7 13. b4 Ndf6 14. a4 h6 15. b5
axb5 16. axb5 Ra3 17. Ne2 c5) (7. Qc2 c5) 7... a6 8. c5 (8. a3 h6 (8... dxc4 9.
Bxc4 c5 10. O-O b5 11. Ba2 Bb7 12. Bb1 Rc8 {0-1 (41) Beliavsky,A (2545)-Tal, M
(2625) Tbilisi 1978}) 9. Bh4 dxc4 10. Bxc4 b5 11. Be2 Bb7 (11... c5 $1)) (8. a4
c6 (8... h6 9. Bh4 c6 (9... b6)) 9. Bd3 dxc4 10. Bxc4 Nd5 11. Bxe7 Qxe7 12. O-O
Nxc3 13. Rxc3 $11 (13. bxc3 $5 b5 14. Be2 $14 {Polugaevsky} Bb7 $11 {Stockfish}
)) (8. Qc2 c6 9. cxd5 exd5 10. Bf4 $1 {Polugaevsky} Nh5 $1 {Stockfish}) (8.
cxd5 exd5 9. Bd3) (8. Bd3 dxc4 9. Bxc4 b5 10. Bd3 c5 11. O-O Bb7 12. Qe2 Qb6
13. Rfd1 Rfd8 14. Bb1 Rac8 {1-0 (61) Gregory,B-Daniuszewski,D St Petersburg
1909}) 8... c6 9. b4 (9. Bd3 e5 10. dxe5 Ne8 11. h4 (11. Bf4 Nxc5 12. Bb1 Bg4
13. h3 Bh5 14. g4 $6 Bg6 15. Bf5 Nc7 (15... Qb6 $1 {Rizzitano} 16. b3 Nc7 $11)
16. h4 {1/2-1/2 (59) Vaganian,R (2630) -Speelman,J (2495) London 1984}) (11.
Bxe7 Qxe7 12. Qc2 h6 13. e4 Nxe5 14. Nxe5 Qxe5 15. O-O Nf6 16. exd5 Ng4 17. g3
Qh5 18. h4 cxd5 19. Qe2 Be6 $11 {1-0 (40) Kotronias,V (2475)-Goldin,A (2525)
Sochi 1989 CBM 016 [Ftacnik,L]}) 11... Nxc5 12. Bb1 f6 $1 13. Qc2 g6 14. Bh6
Bf5 15. Qe2 Bxb1 16. Rxb1 Ng7 17. h5 g5 $1 {Rizzitano: 0-1 (35) Popov,V (2547)
-Ziatdinov,R (2424) Voronezh 2004}) 9... a5 10. a3 axb4 11. axb4 b6 12. Bd3 (
12. Bf4 bxc5 13. bxc5 Ra3 14. Bd3 Qa5 15. Qd2 Ba6 16. Bxa6 Qxa6 $17 17. Qb2 (
17. Qe2 $2 Rxc3 $1 {Polugaevsky}) 17... Ra8 {0-1 (53)(?)(53) Alekhine,
A-Henneberger,W Basel 1925}) 12... bxc5 13. bxc5 e5 $1 14. dxe5 (14. Nxe5 Nxe5
15. dxe5 Nd7 16. Bxe7 Qxe7 17. Qc2 Qh4 $1 {Polugaevsky} 18. O-O Nxe5 19. Be2
Ba6 20. Bxa6 Rxa6 21. Ra1 Qc4 22. Rxa6 Qxa6 23. Rb1 Qc4 $11 {Polugaevsky: 1-0
(42) Gibaud,A-Cheron,A Biarritz 1926}) (14. Bxf6 Bxf6 15. dxe5 Nxe5 (15... Be7
16. O-O Nxc5 17. Nd4 Qe8 18. Bb1 $11 f6 $2 {1-0 (42) Panczyk,K (2375)-Begovac,
F (2375) Graz 1981} (18... Ba6) (18... g6)) 16. Nxe5 Bxe5 17. Bxh7+ Kxh7 18.
Qh5+ Kg8 19. Qxe5 Ba6 $44 (19... Qa5 $2 $16 {1-0 (25) Riester,G-Huxdorff,E
ICCF corr 1928}) 20. f3 Qa5 21. Qd4 Rfb8 {Polugaevsky}) 14... Ne8 $11 15. Bxe7
(15. Bf4 Nxc5 16. Be2 Ne6 17. Bg3 N8c7 18. O-O c5 19. Bd3 $6 Ba6 20. Qc2 Bxd3
21. Qxd3 Ra3 22. Qf5 $6 Qa8 23. Rfd1 $6 $17 {0-1 (64) Krishilovsky,A (2150)
-Balashov,Y (2530) St Petersburg 1996}) 15... Qxe7 16. Qc2 g6 (16... h6) 17.
Ne2 Nxe5 18. Nxe5 Qxe5 19. O-O Ng7 20. Nd4 Bd7 21. Rb1 Ne6 22. Qc3 h5 23. Rfe1
Ra2 24. Ra1 Rfa8 25. Rxa2 Rxa2 $11 26. Ra1 $2 $17 {0-1 (44) Cisneros Belenguer,
L (2305)-Gil Capape,J (2435) Oropesa del Mar 1996} *
9. All too complicated? You can, I think, play 1....d5 2...e6 (or 1...e6 and 2...d5) then 3...c5 against anything. You might get an Isolated Queen's Pawn, but you will get free play for your pieces.